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- $Unique_ID{BRK03762}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Gardner's Syndrome}
- $Subject{Gardner's Syndrome Intestinal Polyposis III
- Polyposis-Osteomatosis-Epidermoid Cyst Syndrome Bone Tumor-Epidermoid
- Cyst-Polyposis}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986, 1987, 1988, 1990 National Organization for Rare
- Disorders, Inc.
-
- 152:
- Gardner's Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Gardner's Syndrome) is
- not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Intestinal Polyposis III
- Polyposis-Osteomatosis-Epidermoid Cyst Syndrome
- Bone Tumor-Epidermoid Cyst-Polyposis
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section.
-
-
- Gardner Syndrome is a hereditary condition characterized by colonic
- polyposis (multiple, benign growths, or polyps, on the mucosal lining of the
- colon), bony tumors of the skull, fatty cysts in the skin, and often, extra
- teeth. Patients with Gardner Syndrome have a high probability of developing
- colonic cancer during their middle years.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Gardner Syndrome appears during late childhood or after puberty. Numerous
- polyps develop on the mucosal lining of the large intestine (colon). These
- are commonly accompanied by rectal bleeding, and sometimes by diarrhea or
- constipation, recurrent abdominal pain, weight loss, and occasionally the
- prolapse of a polyp through the anus. Persistent rectal bleeding can result
- in secondary anemia.
-
- Fibrous, fatty tumors and cysts develop in the skin, and bony tumors
- develop in the skull and mandible (jaw bone). Soft tissue tumors also
- develop in the mesentery, a membrane that connects the intraabdominal organs.
- Patients often have supernumerary teeth, usually impacted. Occasionally,
- tumors develop in other sites.
-
- Untreated patients have a very high probability of developing intestinal
- malignancies by their early forties.
-
- Causes
-
- Gardner Syndrome is inherited through an autosomal dominant mechanism.
-
- Evidence has been found that the gene for transmission of Gardner Syndrome is
- located on chromosome 5. (Human traits including the classic genetic
- diseases, are the product of the interaction of two genes for that condition,
- one received from the father and one from the mother. In dominant disorders,
- a single copy of the disease gene (received from either the mother or father)
- will be expressed "dominating" the normal gene and resulting in appearance of
- the disease. The risk of transmitting the disorder from affected parent to
- offspring is 50% for each pregnancy regardless of the sex of the resulting
- child.)
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Gardner Syndrome is related to several other syndromes in which familial
- hereditary polyposis of the colon plays a part. Familial adenomatous colon
- polyposis consists of polyposis unassociated with other abnormalities, but
- with a very high incidence of colonic cancer if untreated. In Peutz-Jeghers
- syndrome, numerous polyps in the stomach and small and large intestines are
- associated with discoloration of the skin and mucous surfaces. The Canada
- Cronkhite syndrome combines familial polyposis with abnormalities of the
- structures derived from the embryonic ectodermal layer. In Turcot syndrome,
- familial polyposis occurs with tumors in the central nervous system.
-
- For more information on the above disorders, choose "Adenomatous Colon,"
- "Peutz," and "Canada-Cronkhite" as your search terms in the Rare Disease
- Database.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- In Gardner Syndrome the aim of therapy is to prevent cancer. Surgical
- removal of the rectum and colon accomplishes this definitively. Removal of
- only the colon, with anastomosis of the end of the small intestine and the
- rectum is a less drastic operation, and is favored for that reason. Polyps
- that appear after surgery should be removed. If they reappear in great
- numbers, remaining parts of the rectum have to be resected.
-
- Members of patients' families should be screened for the disorder, as
- they have a high probability of developing it.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through April
- 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
- entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
- check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
- information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Gardner Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse
- Box NDIC
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 498-2162
-
- American Cancer Society
- 1599 Clifton Rd., NE
- Atlanta, GA 30329
- (404) 320-3333
-
- NIH/National Cancer Institute
- 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 31, Rm. 1A2A
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- 1-800-4-CANCER
-
- The National Cancer Institute has developed PDQ (Physician Data Query), a
- computerized database designed to give doctors quick and easy access to many
- types of information vital to treating patients with this and many other
- types of cancer. To gain access to this service, a doctor can contact the
- Cancer Information Service offices at 1-800-4-CANCER. Information
- specialists at this toll-free number can answer questions about cancer
- prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
-
- For information on genetics and genetic counseling referrals, please
- contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- THE METABOLIC BASIS OF INHERITED DISEASE, 6th ed.: Charles R. Scriver,
- et al.; eds., McGraw Hill, 1989. P. 362.
-
- THE MERCK MANUAL 15th ed: R. Berkow, et al: eds; Merck, Sharp & Dohme
- Research Laboratories, 1987. P. 817.
-
- CECIL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICINE, 18th ed.: James B. Wyngaarden, and Lloyd H.
- Smith, Jr., Eds.: W. B. Saunders Co., 1988. Pp. 767-71, 2337.
-
-